Nate • 13 May 2025

Nate • 13 May 2025
by Nate 15 May 2025
Water loss and building failure claims are significant challenges for property owners, often leading to high costs and emotional stress. Construction forensic experts play a crucial role in investigating these claims, ensuring transparency and cost control, in contrast to standard mitigation contractors who may cause unnecessary damage and inflated repair costs.
by Nate 13 May 2025
The blog post discusses the wetting and drying processes of wood in construction, focusing on adsorption, absorption, and desorption rates, moisture content requirements for various materials, and building code standards for drying materials before covering. Key points include: - **Wetting and Drying of Wood**: Wood undergoes wetting (absorbing water) and drying (evaporating water) cycles during construction, influenced by wood type, environmental conditions, and moisture content. - **Adsorption, Absorption, Desorption**: Adsorption involves molecules adhering to a surface, absorption is mass transfer into a material, and desorption is the release of these substances, with rates depending on temperature, pressure, and material properties. - **Moisture Content Requirements**: Materials like concrete, insulation, drywall (5-12% moisture), plywood/OSB (≤19%), and gypsum sheathing/gypcrete (≤1-5%) have specific moisture thresholds for optimal performance. - **Code Requirements**: Building codes mandate drying ma
by Nate 13 May 2025
This case study explores the challenges and failures of Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) HVAC systems in high-rise condominiums. It emphasizes the importance of following industry standards, manufacturers’ installation guidelines, and proper maintenance schedules to prevent issues. The study highlights key industry regulations from AHRI and ASHRAE, as well as installation requirements set by major manufacturers. Regular maintenance, including quarterly or semiannual checkups, is identified as essential for optimal system performance. Common site observations reveal installation flaws such as missing inverted oil traps, inadequate piping support, and poor insulation, all of which can lead to inefficiencies and failures. The design of VRF system piping is crucial for efficiency and longevity, requiring proper sizing, expansion loops, oil traps, and as-built documentation. The consequences of inadequate piping support range from leaks and misalignment to corrosion and catastrophic failures.
by Nate 13 May 2025
This article explores the impact of air leakage and condensation on building performance, emphasizing the need for energy-efficient and durable structures. Air leaks contribute to energy loss and moisture-related issues, making proper sealing crucial. Dew point analysis helps predict condensation risks, preventing mold and structural decay. Managing humidity levels indoors and outdoors ensures comfort and prevents condensation buildup. Thermal bridging—where heat bypasses insulation—can lead to energy inefficiencies and moisture problems, requiring continuous insulation to mitigate its effects. Decoupling wall assemblies from attic and parapet structures further reduces air leakage and moisture transfer, improving energy performance. Additional strategies like building envelope commissioning, balanced ventilation systems, climate-responsive design, and thermal imaging enhance building durability. Proper material selection, regular maintenance, and occupant awareness also play vital roles in minimizing air lea
by Nate 13 May 2025
This case study investigates the hygrothermal issues of a five-story apartment complex in the Pacific Northwest, focusing on moisture management challenges and their implications. Hygrothermal Challenges: The study identifies persistent water leaks around windows and wall penetrations as primary issues affecting the building's moisture management. 1 Methodology: Data logging of interior temperature and humidity, analysis of historical weather data, and pressure testing were employed to understand the environmental conditions impacting the buildings. 2 3 Findings: Key findings include inadequate sealing at window junctures, damaged exterior sheathing, and occupant moisture loading exceeding the wall assembly's drying capacity. 4 5 Discussion: The analysis reveals that the interplay between building design, occupant-generated moisture, and environmental factors contributed to the moisture issues, highlighting the need for effective humidity management. 6 Consequences: Prolonged moisture exposure
by Nate 13 May 2025
This article highlights the importance of the Building Envelope Reference Manual (BERM) in construction planning. The building envelope plays a crucial role in energy efficiency, structural integrity, and occupant comfort, making proper design and maintenance essential. BERM provides best practices for selecting materials, construction techniques, and climate adaptation strategies to ensure durability and resilience. It also aligns with sustainability standards, helping professionals create energy-efficient and eco-friendly buildings. By using BERM, architects, engineers, contractors, and building owners can collaborate effectively to meet high-performance standards while avoiding costly errors. As the construction industry evolves, BERM remains a vital resource for ensuring long-lasting, well-designed structures.
by Nate 11 May 2025
This document discusses the roles and differences between general contractors and specialty contractors in construction projects, emphasizing their unique contributions and challenges, as well as the importance of forensic experts in resolving disputes. General Contractors Overview: General contractors manage entire construction projects, coordinating schedules, budgets, and subcontractors while ensuring compliance with regulations. They provide holistic oversight but may lack specialized expertise, leading to higher management fees. 1 2 Specialty Contractors Role: Specialty contractors focus on specific trades, offering deep expertise in areas like plumbing or electrical work. They are cost-effective for targeted tasks but may create coordination issues if multiple specialists are involved. 3 4 Choosing the Right Contractor: The choice between general and specialty contractors depends on project scope, budget, and risk tolerance.

The Ultimate Guide to becoming a Top-tier Construction Expert/Consultant

"The Ultimate Guide to becoming a Top-tier Construction Expert/Consultant" by Nate MacIntyre. It is a guide to mastering the construction and construction law industry, providing insights into construction standards and legalities that govern the industry. The book is based on the author's two decades of experience in the field and is intended to serve as a reference guide for understanding the construction expert/consulting industry. The book is divided into several chapters, including "Laying the Foundation," "Building Experience," "Advanced Credentials," "Professional Networking," and "Strategic Career Moves." Each chapter provides valuable information and advice for those aspiring to reach the top echelons of construction expertise.


For Purchase on Amazon: https://a.co/d/izCoCnF

Residential Construction: A Guide for Anyone who Needs to Understand the Construction of a Single-Family Home

The purpose and scope of the book: The book is intended to serve as a reference guide for understanding the construction of a single-family home, covering various components, systems, and roles involved.

The forces that a residential structure must withstand: The book explores the different natural and human-made forces that affect the stability and safety of a house, such as dead and live loads, environmental forces, seismic forces, thermal forces, soil and foundation forces, hydrostatic forces, and fire resistance.

The symphony of construction: The book uses the metaphor of a symphony to describe the intricate collaboration of various elements and expertise that culminate in the creation of a home. It provides an overview of the main components and systems, such as foundation, framing, mechanical, electrical, plumbing, roof, exterior, and site.

The orchestra of professionals: The book also introduces the diverse group of professionals that orchestrate the construction process, from land acquisition and feasibility experts, developers, architects, engineers, municipal authorities, contracting teams, to skilled tradespeople. It highlights their collective expertise and contributions to the project’s success.

The communication and collaboration challenges: The book acknowledges the challenges and pitfalls that can arise from poor communication and collaboration among the various stakeholders involved in construction projects. It offers tips and strategies to ensure clear and productive interactions, such as defining project expectations, maintaining regular and open communication, using visual aids and documentation, being open to questions and concerns, and seeking professional assistance when needed.

The role of technology and innovation: The book showcases the role of technology and innovation in enhancing communication and collaboration in the construction industry. It presents examples of tools and technologies that transform construction processes, such as mobile applications, virtual and augmented reality, cloud-based collaboration platforms, building information modeling, and construction robots. It also provides case studies of innovative solutions that address complex challenges and improve the efficiency, safety, and sustainability of construction.


For Purchase on Amazon: https://a.co/d/9eZe68v

Deviation Analysis

Background


In the heart of a bustling city, two property owners entered into an easement agreement. The owner of an existing building granted easement rights to an adjacent property owner who was constructing a new hotel. The agreement contained a crucial clause: “any damage to the existing building caused by the hotel’s construction would be repaired at the hotel developer’s expense, restoring the building to its pre-loss condition.”


Objective


The objective was to conduct a thorough deviation analysis of the existing building post-property loss, using a combination of 3D capture digital twin technology, laser scanning, drone photography, crack gauges, and floor level manometer surveys.


Process


The process began with the creation of a 3D digital twin of the existing building, providing a precise virtual model for analysis. Laser scanning and drone photography were employed to capture detailed images and measurements of the building’s structure, identifying any deviations from the original state.

Crack gauges were strategically placed to monitor movement over time, while floor level manometer surveys measured any shifts in the building’s foundation. This multi-faceted approach allowed for a comprehensive assessment of the building’s condition before, during, and after the hotel’s construction.


Findings


The deviation analysis revealed areas where the construction activities had impacted the existing building. The digital twin and laser scans pinpointed structural shifts, while the crack gauges and manometer surveys confirmed the extent of the damage.


Resolution


Armed with concrete evidence from the advanced technological tools, the existing building’s owner was able to present a compelling case to the hotel developer, providing evidence of precisely where the building was damaged and what needed repair. As stipulated in the easement agreement, the hotel developer agreed to cover the costs of all necessary repairs.

This case study highlights the importance of clear easement agreements and the power of technology in upholding them. The use of 3D digital twins, laser scanning, drone photography, crack gauges, and manometer surveys provided an indisputable analysis of deviation, ensuring the integrity of the existing building and the accountability of the adjacent property owner.


Process Introduction


In the ever-evolving landscape of construction technology, precision and accuracy in building analysis have become paramount. This case study delves into the integration of 3D digital twins, laser scanning, floor contour mapping (Water level Manometer), and classical tape measure, and crack gauge measurements to perform deviation analysis on buildings, ensuring structural integrity and longevity.

The water level Manometer works on the principle that water will equalize to the same level across a connected conduit, whether in the natural environment or a pipe/tube. The water level Manometer applies this principle to measure elevation differentials across horizontal surfaces. The diagram at the right displays how this is done. The stand with the reservoir is set at any location and defines the static base level. A reading is made on the scaled pipette on the stadia at the first survey point and then moved to the second location and read again. The elevation differential is the difference between the two readings.


The Challenge


Traditional methods of measuring deviations (assuming that empirical data was gathered prior to a deviation occurrence), such as crack gauges, provide limited data and lacked comprehensive coverage. The need for a holistic approach that offers detailed insights and predictive capabilities led to the exploration of advanced technological solutions.


The Solution


By harnessing the power of 3D digital twins (refer to the images to the right) and laser scanning, we created a multi-faceted approach to deviation analysis. The digital twin serves as a dynamic virtual model that mirrors the real-world structure, while laser scanning offers high-resolution data capturing the minutiae of the construction.

 

Digital Twin Technology


A digital twin provides a real-time, virtual representation of the building, allowing for continuous monitoring and analysis. It integrates data from various sources, including laser scans, to create an accurate model that evolves with the structure.


Laser Scanning


Laser scanning captures the physical reality of the building with precision, creating a point cloud that forms the basis of the digital twin. This method detects even the smallest deviations, which are critical for early intervention.

 

Crack Gauge Measurements


Classical crack gauge measurements complement the high-tech methods by providing a tangible reference point. These measurements validate the digital data and ensure that the analysis is grounded in physical reality.


The Results


The integration of these technologies resulted in a comprehensive deviation analysis system. The digital twin enabled predictive maintenance, and a digital replica of the building as a whole prior to any surrounding work being performed. The laser scanning provided a detailed assessment of the building’s condition. In addition to the crack gauge measurements, and floor level manometer survey, the above offered a reliable baseline for comparison after the adjacent construction project was started and completed.


Conclusion



The fusion of 3D digital twins, laser scanning, drone photographs, floor level manometer surveys, and crack gauge measurements represents a significant advancement in construction deviation analysis. This case study demonstrates the potential of these technologies to revolutionize the industry, ensuring safer and more resilient structures.